Journal archives for July 2022

03 July, 2022

A checklist of the Psylloidea of Canada

The Canadian psyllid fauna is often lumped together with the USA fauna in checklists, and at least 354 species of psyllids are currently known to occur in the region consisting of the United States and Canada. However, many of the species found in the lower USA do not occur in Canada, and so a more focused regional checklist felt necessary to better understand the Canadian fauna. Herein I list the 119 species which are currently known to occur in Canada, but undoubtedly there are many undocumented species which likely also occur within the country.

14 species are considered to be non-native to the region; introduced species are listed in italics. Species not known to occur outside of Canada are listed in bold. Provinces in which a species has been recorded are listed with the westmost province first and then continue from west to east. The host plant (if known) is recorded following the distribution.

A printer-friendly PDF version of this list can be accessed here.

Aphalaridae

Aphalarinae

Aphalara

Aphalara confusa Caldwell, 1937 (AB). Rumex
Aphalara curta Caldwell, 1937 (AB). Polygonum/Persicaria
Aphalara dentata Caldwell, 1937 (AB).
Aphalara loca Caldwell, 1937 (AB, MB). Polygonum/Persicaria
Aphalara manitobaensis Caldwell, 1938 (AB, MB).
Aphalara monticola Hodkinson, 1973 (AB). Rumex
Aphalara nigra Caldwell, 1937 (MB).
Aphalara nubifera Patch, 1912 (AB). Rumex
Aphalara persicaria Caldwell, 1937 (BC). Polygonum/Persicaria
Aphalara rumicis Mally, 1894 (BC, NS). Rumex
Aphalara steironemicola Richards, 1970 (ON). Lysimachia

Craspedolepta

Craspedolepta angustipennis (Crawford, 1911) (YT, BC, AB, SK, ON, QC). Achillea
Craspedolepta canadensis Journet & Vickery, 1979 (BC, SK, ON). Artemisia
Craspedolepta flavida (Caldwell, 1938) (AB, SK, MB, ON, QC). Euthamia
Craspedolepta fumida (Caldwell, 1938) (BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS). Solidago
Craspedolepta furcata (Caldwell, 1936) (BC, AB, MB, NB, NS). Euthamia
Craspedolepta gutierreziae (Klyver, 1931) (AB). Guiterrezia
Craspedolepta maculipilosa Journet & Vickery, 1979 (AB, SK).
Craspedolepta magna Journet & Vickery, 1979 (AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE). Solidago
Craspedolepta minutissima (Crawford, 1911) (BC). Artemisia
Craspedolepta nebulosa (Zetterstedt, 1828) (YT, BC, NT, AB, MB, ON, QC). Chamaenerion
Craspedolepta nota Journet & Vickery, 1979 (AB, MB).
Craspedolepta ochracea (Provancher, 1872) (QC). Solidago
Craspedolepta parvula Journet & Vickery, 1979 (AB, SK, QC, NB). Solidago
Craspedolepta schwarzi (Ashmead, 1904) (BC, AB). Chamaenerion
Craspedolepta scurra Journet & Vickery, 1979 (QC, NS). Solidago
Craspedolepta sonchi (Foerster, 1848) (AB, SK, MB, ON). Sonchus
Craspedolepta subpunctata (Foerster, 1848) (YT, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON). Chamaenerion
Craspedolepta vancouverensis (Klyver, 1931) (BC, AB). Artemisia
Craspedolepta veaziei (Patch, 1911) (BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS). Solidago
Craspedolepta vulgaris (Journet & Vickery, 1979) (BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE). Solidago

Rhinocolinae

Rhinocola

Rhinocola aceris (Linnaeus, 1758) (ON, PE). Acer

Spondyliaspidinae

Ctenarytaina

Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell, 1890) (BC). Eucalyptus

Calophyidae

Calophyinae

Calophya

Calophya triozomima Schwarz, 1904 (AB, ON). Rhus

Carsidaridae

Pachypsyllinae

Pachypsylla

Pachypsylla celtidismamma (Fletcher, 1883) (SK, MB, ON, QC). Celtis
Pachypsylla celtidisvesicula Riley, 1884 (ON, QC). Celtis
Pachypsylla cohabitans Yang & Riemann 2001 (ON). Celtis

Liviidae

Euphyllurinae

Psyllopsis

Psyllopsis discrepans (Flor, 1861) (AB, ON, NS). Fraxinus
Psyllopsis fraxini (Linné, 1758) (BC). Fraxinus
Psyllopsis fraxinicola (Foerster, 1848) (BC, NS). Fraxinus

Liviinae

Livia

Livia bifasciata Provancher, 1886 (ON, QC, NB). Juncus
Livia caricis Crawford, 1914 (BC). Carex
Livia crawfordi Hodkinson & Bird, 2000 (ON). Juncus
Livia maculipennis (Fitch, 1857) (ON). Juncus
Livia manitobensis Hodkinson & Bird, 2000 (MB, NB). Carex
Livia saltatrix Provancher, 1886 (ON, QC, NB). Carex
Livia vernalis Fitch, 1851 (ON, QC). Carex

Neophyllurinae

Neophyllura

Neophyllura arbuti (Schwarz, 1904) (BC). Arbutus
Neophyllura arctostaphyli (Schwarz, 1904) (BC, NB). Arctostaphylos

Psyllidae

Psyllinae

Arytaina

Arytaina genistae (Latreille, 1804) (BC, NS). Cytisus

Arytainilla

Arytainilla spartiophila (Foerster, 1848) (BC). Cytisus

Cacopsylla

Cacopsylla alaskensis (Ashmead, 1904) (MB). Salix
Cacopsylla alba (Crawford, 1914) (AB). Salix
Cacopsylla americana (Crawford, 1914) (AB, NS?). Salix
Cacopsylla annulata (Fitch, 1851) (ON, QC, NB, NS). Acer
Cacopsylla arctica (Walker, 1852) (ON). Salix
Cacopsylla breviata (Patch, 1912) (ON). Salix
Cacopsylla fatsiae (Jensen, 1957) (BC). Fatsia
Cacopsylla fibulata (Crawford, 1914) (AB). Salix
Cacopsylla hamata (Tuthill, 1944) (AB). Salix
Cacopsylla highwoodensis (Hodkinson, 1978) (AB). Salix
Cacopsylla kananaskensis (Hodkinson, 1976) (AB). Salix
Cacopsylla latiforceps (Tuthill, 1943) (BC). Salix
Cacopsylla magnicauda (Crawford, 1914) (BC, AB, SK, MB). Eleagnus
Cacopsylla mali (Schmidberger, 1836) (QC, NL, NB, NS, PE). Malus
Cacopsylla minor (Crawford, 1914) (BC, AB). Salix
Cacopsylla myrtilli (Wagner, 1947) (AB). Vaccinium
Cacopsylla negundinis (Mally, 1894) (AB, NB). Acer
Cacopsylla parallela (Crawford, 1914) (BC). Salix
Cacopsylla peregrina (Foerster, 1848) (BC, NL, NS). Crataegus
Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster, 1848) (BC, QC, NS). Pyrus
Cacopsylla rara (Tuthill, 1944) (AB, NS). Viburnum
Cacopsylla rufipennis Hodkinson, 1978 (AB). Salix
Cacopsylla sinuata Crawford, 1914 (AB, MB, ON, NL). Salix
Cacopsylla stricklandi (Caldwell, 1939) (BC, AB). Shepherdia
Cacopsylla subspiculata (Hodkinson, 1976) (AB). Salix
Cacopsylla tuthilli (Caldwell, 1939) (AB). Shepherdia

Ceanothia

Ceanothia fuscipennis (Crawford, 1914) (BC). Ceanothus
Ceanothia robusta (Crawford, 1914) (BC). Ceanothus

Livilla

Livilla variegata (Löw, 1881) (BC, NL). Laburnum

Psylla

Psylla alni (Linné, 1758) (BC, AB). Alnus
Psylla betulae (Linné, 1758) (AB). Betula
Psylla carpinicola Crawford, 1914 (ON, QC, NB, NS). Carpinus
Psylla caudata Crawford, 1914 (BC). Alnus
Psylla diloncha (Caldwell, 1938) (AB). Corylus
Psylla floccosa Patch, 1909 (BC, AB, MB, ON, NB, NS). Alnus
Psylla hartigii (Flor, 1861) (AB, NS). Betula
Psylla striata (Patch, 1911) (BC, AB, NB, NS). Betula
Psylla viridescens (Provancher, 1872) (BC, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS). Alnus

Purshivora

Purshivora coryli (Patch, 1912) (BC). Purshia
Purshivora minuta (Crawford, 1914) (BC). Purshia
Purshivora pubescens (Crawford, 1914) (BC). Purshia

Spanioneura

Spanioneura buxi (Linné, 1758) (BC, ON, QC, NL, NB, NS, PE). Buxus
Spanioneura fonscolombii Foerster, 1848 (ON). Buxus
Spanioneura sanguinea (Provancher, 1872) (BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NL, NB, NS). Prunus

Triozidae

Bactericera

Bactericera arbolensis (Crawford, 1910) (SK). Shepherdia
Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc, 1909) (BC, AB, SK, ON). Solanaceae (many genera)
Bactericera incerta (Tuthill, 1943) (BC). Salix
Bactericera maculipennis (Crawford, 1910) (AB). Convolvulus
Bactericera minuta (Crawford, 1910) (AB). Salix
Bactericera pletschi (Tuthill, 1944) (AB).
Bactericera salicivora (Reuter, 1876) (BC, AB, ON, NB). Salix
Bactericera shepherdiae (Tuthill, 1938) (YT, BC, AB). Shepherdia
Bactericera varians (Crawford, 1910) (BC, AB). Salix

Heterotrioza

Heterotrioza chenopodii (Reuter, 1876) (BC, AB, NB, NS, PE). Chenopodium

Lauritrioza

Lauritrioza alacris (Flor, 1861) (BC). Laurus

Neotriozella

Neotriozella pyrifolii (Forbes, 1885) (ON, NS). Styrax

Phylloplecta

Phylloplecta occidentalis (Tuthill, 1939) (BC). Rubus
Phylloplecta stylifera (Patch, 1912) (MB, ON).
Phylloplecta tripunctata (Fitch, 1851) (ON, QC, NB). Rubus

Trioza

Trioza albifrons Crawford, 1910 (BC, AB). Urtica
Trioza aylmeriae Patch, 1912 (ON). Amelanchier
Trioza forcipula Patch, 1912 (ON).
Trioza frontalis Crawford, 1910 (BC, AB, MB). Amelanchier
Trioza inversa Tuthill, 1939 (BC). Amelanchier
Trioza obtusa Patch, 1911 (AB, ON, NB, NL, NS). Amelanchier
Trioza quadripunctata Crawford, 1910 (BC, AB). Urtica
Trioza sulcata Crawford, 1910 (AB). Amelanchier
Trioza longicornis* Crawford, 1910 (BC). Salix?

Host plants

The host plant genera for Canadian Psylloidea are listed, followed by the number of species known from that host. Some genera are grouped together based on recent changes in plant taxonomy that make it difficult to understand historical host plant records, or by a tendency of certain psyllid species groups to use multiple related genera of plants. Of the 44 host plant genus or genus groups known to be associated with psyllids in Canada, 21 of them are host to more than one species.

Salix (20)
Euthamia/Solidago (9)
Amelanchier (5)
Shepherdia/Eleagnus (5)
Alnus (4)
Carex (4)
Rumex (4)
Acer (3)
Artemisia (3)
Betula (3)
Celtis (3)
Chamaenerion (3)
Fraxinus (3)
Juncus (3)
Polygonum/Persicaria (3)
Purshia (3)
Buxus (2)
Ceanothus (2)
Cytisus (2)
Rubus (2)
Urtica (2)
Achillea (1)
Arbutus (1)
Arctostaphylos (1)
Carpinus (1)
Chenopodium (1)
Convolvulus (1)
Corylus (1)
Crataegus (1)
Eucalyptus (1)
Fatsia (1)
Guiterrezia (1)
Laburnum (1)
Laurus (1)
Lysimachia (1)
Malus (1)
Prunus (1)
Pyrus (1)
Rhus (1)
Solanaceae (many genera) (1)
Sonchus (1)
Styrax (1)
Vaccinium (1)
Viburnum (1)

Posted on 03 July, 2022 01:31 by psyllidhipster psyllidhipster | 1 comment | Leave a comment

04 July, 2022

Help me find psyllids on Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta)

Background. Members of the birch family (Betulaceae) are a common host plant for psyllids in North America. All species associated with plants in this family are now referred to the genus Psylla, and include Psylla alni, P. viridescens, P. caudata and P. floccosa on Alder, P. striata, P. hartigii, P. betulae and P. betulaenanae on Birch, and P. carpinicola on Hornbeam. Many of these psyllids are relatively frequently observed, due to their large size in addition to the rather conspicuous nymphs which are usually covered in dense white fluff. One additional psyllid belongs to this group: P. diloncha, which is recorded from from the plant historically referred to as Corylus rostrata but is today known as Corylus cornuta, or Beaked Hazelnut.

Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta) is a somewhat common tree that grows in the eastern and midwestern USA into western Canada and south along the west coast into California. The recorded distribution of Psylla diloncha mirrors the host distribution, with records from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ohio, Alberta, and California. Historical records from Kansas and Nevada also exist but seem to be outside of Beaked Hazelnut's current native range.

Original descriptions and illustrations of P. diloncha would suggest that it is most similar to the birch psyllid P. striata, but with genal cones very long and with the pterostigma almost entirely lacking. It may also be similar to the hornbeam psyllid P. carpinicola, but with the cubital cell less strongly arched and probably with the wings a bit more yellowish.

To date, I can find no example of photos on iNaturalist or Bugguide which are convincingly suggestive of this species, so perhaps that's where you come in. If Beaked Hazelnut is in your area, try investigating it for these psyllids; at this time of year, adults are expected. Nymphs are likely to also cover themselves in conspicuous white fluff like other members of the genus, but it is not known when nymphs may be found. Photos of this species will advance our understanding of this genus and will also be an iNaturalist first.


Beaked Hazelnut leaves. C. Mallory


Psylla striata adult © Stuart Tingley, some rights reserved (CC-BY-NC). Psylla diloncha is expected to look similar to this species.


Psylla viridescens nymphs on alder. © Masumi Palhof, some rights reserved (CC-BY-NC). Psylla diloncha nymphs may be similar

Posted on 04 July, 2022 02:07 by psyllidhipster psyllidhipster | 1 comment | Leave a comment