White Juniper Fungus, Robergea albicedrae

A common sight across north central Texas and the Edwards's plateau is a white or light gray fungus that appears as a whitening pattern on the branches of young Juniperus Ashei trees. Most folks that venture out into wooded areas where J. Ashei occurs will notice the distinctive pattern formed by this fungus. But very few know exactly what it is. With this journal post, I hope to help fill that gap by providing a useful summary of this common fungus along with a list of references for further study. I also want to acknowledge Mark Gustafson who described this fungus in an entry in his recent book, A Naturalist's Guide to the Texas Hill Country.

Robergea albicedrae

In 1910, Heald and Wolf described this fungus species and assigned it the name Cyanospora albicedrae. The generic name Cyanospora was based on the (apparently incorrect) observation that the spores were green. The following year Saccardo and Traverso corrected this and assigned the species to the genus Robergea.

When you see this fungus in the field, look for small gray nodules on the whitened patches. These contain the fruiting bodies from which the filamentous spores are expelled. The close-up photo below shows an example of these gray nodules.

Robergea albicedrae

This fungus occurs only on J. Ashei. It is quite common on the branches of young trees, especially in shaded conditions such as dense brakes. In fact, it is so common that it can be used as a characteristic feature in the identification of J. Ashei. Since it only occurs on this one species of tree, the range of R. albicedrae can be expected to be within the range of J. Ashei. The map below shows the natural range of J. Ashei.

Juniperus Ashei distribution

According to the 1910 paper by Heald and Wolf, the fungus is probably parasitic on the host tree. They also indicated that branches of the tree or even the entire tree could be killed by the effects of the fungus corroding the bark and destroying the cambium layer. A 2008 paper by Miller and Lemke supported the possibility that the fungus is parasitic on J. Ashei. They found that tree size (height and basal trunk diameter) decreased corresponding to increased fungal load.

References

Heald, F. D., and F. A. Wolf. “The Whitening of the Mountain Cedar, Sabina Sabinoides (H.B.K.) Small.” Mycologia, vol. 2, no. 5, 1910, pp. 205–212. www.jstor.org/stable/3753277.

Sherwood, M. A. "The Ostropalean Fungi. I." Mycotaxon (1977).

Miller, S. A. and D. E. Lemke. 2008. Determining the relationship between Cyanospora albicedrae (Ascomycota: Stictidaceae) and Juniperus Ashei (Magnoliophyta: Cupressaceae). Annual meeting of the Texas Academy of Science, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi.

Gustafson, Mark. A Naturalist's Guide to the Texas Hill Country. Vol. 50. Texas A&M University Press, 2015.

Juniperus Ashei range map by Elbert L. Little, Jr., of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Posted on 24 January, 2017 01:54 by billdodd billdodd

Observations

Photos / Sounds

Observer

billdodd

Date

January 22, 2017 10:50 AM CST

Description

White juniper fungus (Robergea albicedrae) on Ashe juniper (Juniperus Ashei), Travis county, TX

Comments

This is excellent, Bill! Thanks for posting this. I'm going to keep my eyes open for it now! :)

Posted by sambiology over 7 years ago

I've been doing field work in/around Ashe juniper for 40+ years and had always assumed it was just variation in bark color! How interesting!

Posted by gcwarbler over 7 years ago

A cedar chopper once told me they wait for the fungus to disappear. That's when they know the Ashe juniper has matured into a heartwood tree and it's ready to be cut to make fence posts.

Posted by emcgreevy over 6 years ago

This is great info. Thanks!

Posted by bosqueaaron almost 5 years ago

Your info just came in handy. Using it for the 2020 City Nature Challenge Austin identifications. Thanks for sharing!

Posted by connlindajo over 4 years ago

Always nice to see attention being brought to the less celebrated lichens. Great post!

Posted by knotwood over 3 years ago

As Knotwood mentions above, this is a great lichen. A lichen is a symbiosis between a fungus and a green algae or a cyanobacteria and does not have a negative effect on the host juniper plant. There was a really awesome Master's student at Texas State University who wrote her thesis on R. albicedrae and is the only recent research I've seen on it. It is publicly available if anyone is interested. Her research is focused more on the taxonomic placement of the fungus and less on ecology, but importantly it places R. albicedrae within the ascomycete class Lecanoromycetes which host a lost of fungi that form lichen symbioses.
Title: A morhpological and molecular reassessment of Robergea albicedrae (Ascomyctoa)
Author: Jessica Rae Bernardin
https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/8977/BERNARDIN-THESIS-2019.pdf

Posted by lizbowman over 2 years ago

@lizbowman - Thank you very much for pointing out this recent research paper! I'm looking forward to reading it.

Posted by billdodd over 2 years ago

@rymcdaniel @sambiology Interesting that this subject came up in the conversation today at Decker Prairie Preserve.

Posted by connlindajo over 2 years ago

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