zorille's Favorites

Quoting from Ref.1 "Glyphis cicatricosa is widely distributed in tropical to warm-temperate regions such as south-eastern USA, Central and South America, South, South-East and East Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific"; Probably the authors were not aware of the existence of such species also in Europe, since it is known from my country (Portugal) for some decades; I found the first specimen some 8 years ago (2014) and at the same location (Serra de Sintra) in three or four different places since then; I also found it at a place some 20 Km away.
The wide distribution of this species as well as its sui generis appearance has given it a certain aura, making it a kind of myth in the Graphidaceae family and is undoubtedly one of my favorite finds of this family, which unexpectedly turned out to be well represented in Portugal in a recent past (see References 2 and 3), mainly due to the existence of many species of the genus Graphis not previously known to exist here; The following genera from the same family are also represented among us: Allographa, Diploschistes, Phaeographis and Thelotrema.
This specimen was observed close (some meters away) to the place where I first observed this species, also on Acer pseudoplatanus, and I took the oportunity to revisite the original specimen - See https://www.biodiversity4all.org/observations/100337270 - for a new photo of the specimen. The results of the microscopy are very similar. The day after that original observation I found a tree there with many specimens, but meanwhile that tree was cutted (I presume that due to some illness) and those specimen desappeared.

References:
1 - Yoshihito Ohmura and Mark R. D. Seaward: Is Glyphis cicatricosa an indicator for ‘global warming’ or an ‘urban heat island’ effect in Japan?
The Lichenologist 49 (3): 291 - 296, 2017.
2 – Zacarias Lepista and André Aptroot: Seven species of Graphis from Portugal reported new to Europe, The Lichenologist 48(4): 259–267 (2016).
3 – Zacarias Lepista and André Aptroot: Five further species of Graphis reported new to Europe from Portugal, The Lichenologist 54 (2): 101–106 (2022).

Fallen, found on the ground.
Tests carried out for comparison in the last picture on a specimen of P. perlatum from the same population of https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/105674140.

Medulla K-
Medulla KC+ red

Perhaps this (and the following observations on the same topic) may be seen as "propaganda", but the theme is so farway from the lichen specimens usually observed in Portugal, and also in the whole Europe, that I didn't resist to promote my own paper just published (Ref. 2 bellow), the second on the same subject. My objective is to encourage people to devote their attention to this particular lichen group, the so-called lirellate lichens, which is very common in tropical and pantropical zones but scarse in other regions, particularly in Europe. My own research on this topic shows that there is still much to know on the subject and a global community like iNaturalist may help very much to go further.
In total till now I was able to find in Portugal, clearly helped with the expertise and knowledge of my coauthor - André Aptroot - at some specific locations and habitats, 12 species in the genus Graphis (meanwhile two of them were transfered to the related genus Allographa), not previously known to exist here, while the number of previously known species was very reduced, the only well known of which were G. elegans and G. scripta (this one a mith among lichens with a worldwide distribution), the others considered as rare. The above species reported as new to Europe were:
G. leptospora (now Allographa leptospora); G. verminosa (now Allographa verminosa); G. cincta; G. crebra; G. handelii; G. lineola; G. plumierae, in the first paper (published in 2016), and
G. dendrogramma; G. duplicata; G. gonimica; G. librata; G. pyrrhocheiloides, reported in the paper now published. Here are the citations for the papers:

Ref. 1 - Lepista Z and Aptroot A (2016): Seven species of Graphis from Portugal reported new to Europe. Lichenologist 48, 259–267.
Ref. 2 - Lepista Z and Aptroot A (2022): Five further species of Graphis reported new to Europe from Portugal. Lichenologist 54, 101–106.

All the species reported in the 2nd paper were found at the same location in 2015 and 2016, where most of the other previously known species to exist in Portugal, namely those considered in Ref. 1, were also present. While in the first paper special enphasis results from the chemistry and from the particular feature of the inspersed hymenia of the species described as new to Europe, in the 2nd paper most of the new species (apart from G. duplicata and G. gonimica) are very similar to the well known Graphis scripta and belong to the same Group, Group 4 as defined in the world-wide key to the genus Graphis (2009):
"Group 4:Labia entire, excipulum laterally carbonized, hymenium clear,ascospores transversely septate"
{See Robert Lucking, Alan W. Archer, and André Aptroot : A world-wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostropales: Graphidaceae), The Lichenologist 41 (4): 363-452, 2009};

I made two visits to the location, each a three day stay, with that specific target but open to other lichens that meanwhile were posted in several observations in Mushroom observer (see at https://mushroomobserver.org/ searching for the location "Mata do Bussaco")). A photo with many of the Graphis specimens found in the second visit (2016) is attached, but no emphasis is given to any of them, leaving the details for further and upcoming observations on the subject. I have many material that was never published elsewhere and maybe I will have time in the future to upload some observations of the different species. For now I will only try to upload an observation of each of the species cited in the last paper (Ref. 2).

I will use the same format to display the features of each species under consideration which can be seen at in the notes of the following observation:
https://mushroomobserver.org/271993
and where the main references to the classification are also mentioned therein.

Myxomycete on bark of rotten Picea abies.
Bright yellow sporocarps (with orange immature)
Spores 10.3 µm. Elaters with loose spirals.

Det. Andreas Kuhnt (@ 04/10/2021) : it's not Oligonema fulvum as I had identified it before